Health and Environmental Illness Research Blog: March 2010

Wednesday, March 31, 2010

Metformin Benefits on Glucose and Liver Dependant on Reactive Species in Mice

Tuesday, March 30, 2010

Expression and regulation of HIF-1alpha in macrophages under inflammatory conditions; significant reduction of VEGF by CaMKII inhibitor

Babies Absorb The Most Bisphenol A

Acute and chronic effects of dietary fatty acids on cholecystokinin expression, storage and secretion in enteroendocrine STC-1 cells

CiteULike: Acute and chronic effects of dietary fatty acids on cholecystokinin expression, storage and secretion in enteroendocrine STC-1 cells: "Hand, K. V., Bruen, C. M., O'Halloran, F., Giblin, L., and Green, B. D. (2010). Acute and chronic effects of dietary fatty acids on cholecystokinin expression, storage and secretion in enteroendocrine stc-1 cells. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 9999(9999):NA+."

Pharmacogenomics and Therapeutic Strategies for Dementia

CiteULike: Pharmacogenomics and Therapeutic Strategies for Dementia: "Cacabelos, R. (2009). Pharmacogenomics and therapeutic strategies for dementia."

Monday, March 29, 2010

Protein Linked to Problems with Executive Thinking Skills

Sunday, March 28, 2010

Key Protein Links Insulin Action, Insulin Resistance in Diabetes

Thursday, March 25, 2010

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Inhibits Endothelin-1-Induced C-Reactive Protein Production in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

The drug MDMA inhibits mitochondrial complex I activity in mice: a possible mechanism underlying neurotoxicity

Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I following MDMA could be the source of free radicals responsible for oxidative stress and the consequent neurotoxicity of this drug in mice.

CiteULike: Methylenedioxymethamphetamine inhibits mitochondrial complex I activity in mice: a possible mechanism underlying neurotoxicity: "Puerta, E., Hervias, I., Goñi-Allo, B., Zhang, S. F., Jordán, J., Starkov, A. A., and Aguirre, N. (2010). Methylenedioxymethamphetamine inhibits mitochondrial complex i activity in mice: a possible mechanism underlying neurotoxicity. British Journal of Pharmacology, 9999(9999)."

Environmental enrichment requires adult neurogenesis to facilitate the recovery from psychosocial stress

CiteULike: Environmental enrichment requires adult neurogenesis to facilitate the recovery from psychosocial stress: "Environmental enrichment requires adult neurogenesis to facilitate the recovery from psychosocial stress"

Antioxidant enzyme activities in hepatic tissue from children with chronic cholestatic liver disease

Neuron Network Development and Migration Dependant on NMDA Receptors

Without Key Receptors, New Brain Cells Do Not Survive Migration

(PhysOrg.com) -- Newly created brain cells lacking a critical receptor do not survive a long migration to join complex neural networks, a Yale University research team reports March 25 in the journal Neuron.

Dysregulated immune balance in lupus.

Our data indicate that the mechanisms involved in balancing Th1 and Th17 regulation, as well as in producing IL-6, are aberrant in SLE, leading to an increased Th17 response.

CiteULike: Dysregulated balance of Th17 and Th1 cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: "Shah, K., Lee, W. W., Lee, S. H., Kim, S. H., Kang, S. W., Craft, J., and Kang, I. (2010). Dysregulated balance of th17 and th1 cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 12(2):R53+."

Wednesday, March 24, 2010

Yale Researchers Identify Genetic Variants Linked to Increased Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes - insciences

Yale Researchers Identify Genetic Variants Linked to Increased Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes - insciences: "Yale Researchers Identify Genetic Variants Linked to Increased Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes"

Eradication of the commensal intestinal microflora by oral antimicrobials interferes with the host response to lipopolysaccharide

New study may explain how weight-loss surgery reverses type 2 diabetes

New study may explain how weight-loss surgery reverses type 2 diabetes: "new study finds bariatric surgery-like procedures increased the flux of unabsorbed nutrients to the far end of the small intestine and, in doing so, triggered increased secretion of two hormones. Those hormones -- glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide-YY (PYY) -- are known to have a role in controlling food intake and improving insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity, thereby helping to stabilize blood sugar levels."

Leptin therapy in animal models shows promise for type 1 diabetes, UT Southwestern study finds

Hair Dye And Smoking Linked To Liver Damage | AHN

Hair Dye And Smoking Linked To Liver Damage AHN: "Hair Dye And Smoking Linked To Liver Damage"

Monday, March 22, 2010

AMPK and SIRT1: a long-standing partnership?

Qi-Shao-Shuang-Gan, a Combination of Astragalus membranaceus Saponins with Paeonia lactiflora Glycosides, Ameliorates Polymicrobial Sepsis Induced by Cecal Ligation and Puncture in Mice

Sunday, March 21, 2010

Astrocyte-Restricted Ablation of Interleukin-17-Induced Act1-Mediated Signaling Ameliorates Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Interleukin 10 receptor alpha subunit (IL-10RA) gene polymorphism and IL-10 serum levels in Egyptian atopic patients.

Anti-inflammatory pathways and alcoholic liver disease: Role of an adiponectin/interleukin-10/heme oxygenase-1 pathway.

Sauna Therapy Benefits Chemical Sensitivity By Altering Nutrient Toxicity!

Background: We have suggested over the past few months that multiple chemical sensitivity may result from an imbalance of metabolic processes the detoxify ammonia. This may be caused by overwhelming exposure from SIBO or genetic or environmental influences that inhibit the proper excretion of ammonia in urea. Several MCS experts, as well as patients, have found that dry sauna can be of benefit although thus far, there is no explanation of why this is so. In the past, we have written that sauna therapy is based on an ancient therapy called Waon therapy and past studies of this technique suggest it may increase the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and possibly influence the expression of PGC-1a. Both Nrf2 and PGC-1a have been implicated as having primary or secondary roles in mitochondrial biogenesis which of course, has benefits for health conditions where mitochondrial respiration may be impaired. Also, Nrf2 has a role in neuroprotection and may modulate the ornithine pathway which is protective against ammonia toxicity.

A recent study has demonstrated that sauna/sweat therapy may lead to the reduction of nicotinamide. Nicotinamide overload has recently been implicated as a factor in causing insulin resistance, oxidative stress by H2O2 and possibly type 2 diabetes and other studies have shown that pollution may influence the development of this disease. Other findings show skin damage and certain chemicals may reduce nicotinamide excretion. In general, nicotinamide is generally considered anti-inflammatory but at higher doses may be toxic to the liver. Nicotinamides are active inhibitors of SIRT proteins which are not only important for a number of metabolic processes but they also play a role mitochondrial biogenesis. On the other hand, higher ammonia levels can inhibit the TCA cycle which are a major producer of nicotinamides. Taking these conditions into account, we see a potential for sauna (via sweat therapy) to positively reduce the production of toxic levels of nicotinamides while reducing ammonia toxicity through elevations in Nrf2 and the ornithine pathway. The reduction of MCS symptoms could be a consequence of one or the other or both...!

For further reading:

SIRT1, Nrf2 and Saunas -- September 6, 2009

Zhou, S.-S. S., Li, D., Sun, W.-P. P., Guo, M., Lun, Y.-Z. Z., Zhou, Y.-M. M., Xiao, F.-C. C., Jing, L.-X. X., Sun, S.-X. X., Zhang, L.-B. B., Luo, N., Bian, F.-N. N., Zou, W., Dong, L.-B. B., Zhao, Z.-G. G., Li, S.-F. F., Gong, X.-J. J., Yu, Z.-G. G., Sun, C.-B. B., Zheng, C.-L. L., Jiang, D.-J. J., and Li, Z.-N. N. (2009). Nicotinamide overload may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. World journal of gastroenterology : WJG, 15(45):5674-5684. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6885712
Whitaker, M. J. and Steinhardt, R. A. (1981). The relation between the increase in reduced nicotinamide nucleotides and the initiation of dna synthesis in sea urchin eggs. 25(1):95-103. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6885757
Smith, D., Wang, T., Španěl, P., and Bloor, R. (2006). The increase of breath ammonia induced by niacin ingestion quantified by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. Physiological Measurement, 27(6). http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6885842
Katunuma, N., Okada, M., and Nish, Y. (1966). Regulation of the urea cycle and tca cycle by ammonia. Advances in Enzyme Regulation, 4:317-335. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6885732

Saturday, March 20, 2010

CiteULike: Serotonin 2 receptor modulation of hyperthermia, corticosterone, and hippocampal serotonin depletions following serial exposure to chronic stress and methamphetamine

CiteULike: Serotonin 2 receptor modulation of hyperthermia, corticosterone, and hippocampal serotonin depletions following serial exposure to chronic stress and methamphetamine: "Doyle, J. R. and Yamamoto, B. K. (2010). Serotonin 2 receptor modulation of hyperthermia, corticosterone, and hippocampal serotonin depletions following serial exposure to chronic stress and methamphetamine. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35(4):629-633."

Differences in Gene and Cell Behavior in Radical-Induced Oxidative Stress

This study offers a novel and detailed insight in the similarities and differences of the time-dependent oxidative stress responses induced by the oxidants H2O2 and menadione and show that these can be discriminated regarding their modulation of particular colon carcinogenesis-related mechanisms.

CiteULike: Global Gene Expression Analysis Reveals Differences in Cellular Responses to Hydroxyl- and Superoxide Anion Radical-Induced Oxidative Stress in Caco-2 Cells: "Briede, J. J., van Delft, J. M. H., de Kok, T. M. C. M., van Herwijnen, M. H. M., Maas, L. M., Gottschalk, R. W. H., and Kleinjans, J. C. S. (2010). Global gene expression analysis reveals differences in cellular responses to hydroxyl- and superoxide anion radical-induced oxidative stress in caco-2 cells. Toxicol. Sci., 114(2):193-203."

Thursday, March 18, 2010

SO2 Inhalation Contributes to the Development and Progression of Ischemic Stroke in the Brain

Association of dietary AGEs with circulating AGEs, glycated LDL, IL-1α and MCP-1 levels in type 2 diabetic patients

Transcription factors may dictate differences between individuals

Preliminary Study Shows Polymorphism in Different Loci of Autism/Aspberger's Gene in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Preliminary Study Shows Polymorphism in Different Loci of Autism/Aspberger's Gene in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

A preliminary study suggests that a polymorphism in the DISC1 gene is associated with chronic fatigue syndrome. These findings, if found to be true, have important implications for the conditon, as well as, may have an influence on research findings of other environmental illnesses. DISC1 is also known as Disrupted in Schizophrenia and has been associated with a number of mental health conditions including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression. Just recently the gene has also been implicated in playing a role, in addition to other genes, in autism. We have noted before that some experts believe that conditions such as ADHD and certain types of MCS are in fact, autism spectrum disorders. As one author points out, DISC1 is responsible for a number of physiological activities including the production of new neurons during brain development and adult neurogenesis. A defective DISC1 gene which has been demonstrated in schizophrenia could lead to a reduction in dendritic spines and also influence nerve cells to maintain weaker connections with neighboring neurons and for the purpose of simplification, reduce the "cross-talk" between neurons by influencing dopamine production. If similar disruptions through mutation in DISC1 were to occur, it does make sense it may be involved in the development of autism because of its effect on the central nervous system. (Tsai)

Of course, the idea that it plays a role in chronic fatigue syndrome is a novel finding. From my standpoint, the idea that DISC1 may play a role in CFS makes a lot of sense. As I have described in other blogs, a protein called GSK-3b is an on/off switch for Nrf2 which provides a protective role against endogenous threats that may negatively influence neurotransmission in autism. Recently, it was demonstrated that the Wnt pathway is a pathway involved in ammonia and urea excretion that also involves the activities of GSK-3b. Biochemically, one researcher writes that DISC1 inhibits GSK-3b and therefore, this pathway has been suggested to play the important role in a number of mood disorders which we noted earlier. Like most anything in cell biology, too much activity or too little can have dramatic effects on function. In the case of GSK-3b, blocking its abherrant signaling has been associated with symptomatic benefits in MS, colitis, sepsis and arthritis and conditions involving inflammation. The latter implicates an inhibitory role of GSK-3b signaling on Nrf2. Elevations of GSK-3b activity are also present in patients with Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's. A recent report from MIT demostrates that DISC1 knock-out present with behaviors including hyperactivity, a characteristic of schizophrenia and GSK-3b inhibitors reversed these behaviors. The author suggests that the scewed balance of neural cell development and alterations in signaling may lead to compromised cognition and behavior alterations. (Halber) A polymorphism in DISC1 that has been suggested in CFS could very well lead to abherrant signaling from GSK-3b, elevations in oxidative stress and uncontrolled expression of inflammatory proteins and changes in redox because of subsequent loss of Nrf2 signaling. Of course, other factors such as genetic SNPs in Nrf2 and suppression of gene expression should also be considered.

Citations and Original Document

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) regulates haem oxygenase-1/ferritin expression: implications for toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma

Why Symptoms Of Schizophrenia Emerge In Young Adulthood

Severity of symptom flare after moderate exercise is linked to cytokine activity in chronic fatigue syndrome.

In CFS, cytokine activity may vary directly with SF, which may explain prior inconsistent findings.

CiteULike: Severity of symptom flare after moderate exercise is linked to cytokine activity in chronic fatigue syndrome.: "White, A. T., Light, A. R., Hughen, R. W., Bateman, L., Martins, T. B., Hill, H. R., and Light, K. C. (2010). Severity of symptom flare after moderate exercise is linked to cytokine activity in chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychophysiology."

Stomach Hormone Called Ghrelin Mitigates Liver Fibrosis

Ghrelin mitigates liver fibrosis in animal models; regulates human fibrosis: "Ghrelin, a stomach hormone, reduced the amount of fibrogenic cells by 25% in the treated rodents. Research further showed ghrelin prevented acute liver damage and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the animal models."

Tuesday, March 16, 2010

Study: Sex Chromosomes Regulate Blood Pressure

Memory T Cells and IL-10 In Autoreactive Suppression.

We propose the novel concept that a population of memory T cells, which is fully equipped to participate in secondary immune responses upon recognition of a relevant recall antigen, contributes to the maintenance of tolerance under steady-state conditions. 10.1084/jem.20091021

CiteULike: CCR6 is expressed on an IL-10-producing, autoreactive memory T cell population with context-dependent regulatory function: "Rivino, L., Gruarin, P., Haringer, B., Steinfelder, S., Lozza, L., Steckel, B., Weick, A., Sugliano, E., Jarrossay, D., Kuhl, A. A., Loddenkemper, C., Abrignani, S., Sallusto, F., Lanzavecchia, A., and Geginat, J. (2010). Ccr6 is expressed on an il-10-producing, autoreactive memory t cell population with context-dependent regulatory function. J. Exp. Med., 207(3):565-577."

EPA preserves diaphragm force generation following endotoxin administration

Eicosapentaenoic acid preserves diaphragm force generation following endotoxin administration

Jumping Proteins Help To Repair DNA Damage

Breakthrough in Understanding How Our Body Repairs Itself - insciences

U-M Researchers Solve a Molecular Mystery in Muscle - insciences

Monday, March 15, 2010

Nrf2-Regulated PPARgamma Expression is Critical to Protection Against Acute Lung Injury in Mice.

CiteULike: Nrf2-Regulated PPARgamma Expression is Critical to Protection Against Acute Lung Injury in Mice.: "Cho, H.-Y. Y., Gladwell, W., Wang, X., Chorley, B., Bell, D., Reddy, S. P., and Kleeberger, S. R. (2010). Nrf2-regulated ppargamma expression is critical to protection against acute lung injury in mice. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine."

CiteULike: IL-13 downregulates PPAR-gamma/heme oxygenase-1 via ER stress-stimulated calpain activation: aggravation of activated microglia death.

CiteULike: IL-13 downregulates PPAR-gamma/heme oxygenase-1 via ER stress-stimulated calpain activation: aggravation of activated microglia death.: "Liu, S. H. H., Yang, C. N. N., Pan, H. C. C., Sung, Y. J. J., Liao, K. K. K., Chen, W. B. B., Lin, W. Z. Z., and Sheu, M. L. L. (2010). Il-13 downregulates ppar-gamma/heme oxygenase-1 via er stress-stimulated calpain activation: aggravation of activated microglia death. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS."

Prevention of scattered light-induced asthenopia and fatigue by a polarized filter

Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance in Endocrine Disease

Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance in Endocrine Disease: "The principal mechanisms involved in muscle IR in the endocrine diseases reviewed herein include abnormal phosphorylation of insulin signaling proteins, altered muscle fiber composition, reduced transcapillary insulin delivery, decreased glycogen synthesis, and impaired mitochondrial oxidative metabolism."

Sunday, March 14, 2010

"Research identifies gene that changes the brain’s response to stress"

The Rockefeller University » Newswire: "Research identifies gene that changes the brain’s response to stress"

Prolonged Fasting as a Method of Mood Enhancement in Chronic Pain Syndromes: A Review of Clinical Evidence and Mechanisms

CiteULike: Prolonged Fasting as a Method of Mood Enhancement in Chronic Pain Syndromes: A Review of Clinical Evidence and Mechanisms: "Michalsen, A. (2010). Prolonged fasting as a method of mood enhancement in chronic pain syndromes: A review of clinical evidence and mechanisms. Current Pain and Headache Reports."

Copper(II)-selective chelation improves function and antioxidant defences in cardiovascular tissues of rats as a model of diabetes: comparisons between triethylenetetramine and three less copper-selective transition-metal-targeted treatments

CiteULike: Copper(II)-selective chelation improves function and antioxidant defences in cardiovascular tissues of rats as a model of diabetes: comparisons between triethylenetetramine and three less copper-selective transition-metal-targeted treatments: "Lu, J., Gong, D., Choong, S., Xu, H., Chan, Y. K., Chen, X., Fitzpatrick, S., Glyn-Jones, S., Zhang, S., Nakamura, T., Ruggiero, K., Obolonkin, V., Poppitt, S., Phillips, A., and Cooper, G. (2010). Copper(ii)-selective chelation improves function and antioxidant defences in cardiovascular tissues of rats as a model of diabetes: comparisons between triethylenetetramine and three less copper-selective transition-metal-targeted treatments. Diabetologia."

Scientists identify key protein from mitochondria in energy regulation

Scientists identify key protein from mitochondria in energy regulation: "The mice that lacked SIRT3 also had many of the key markers of fat oxidation disorders, low energy levels and low tolerance to cold. Further investigation showed that higher levels of SIRT3 expression and activity increase the activity of this key enzyme in fat oxidation. However, a number of other proteins are acetylated in the mitochondria, an observation which suggests that other proteins may be involved."

Thursday, March 11, 2010

Cats Attracted To ADHD Drug, A Feline Poison - Science News

Cats Attracted To ADHD Drug, A Feline Poison - Science News: "Cats attracted to ADHD drug, a feline poison"

Sickle Cell Pain May Be From Damaged Tissues or Nerves

UW Symposium: How Disease, Therapy, Drugs and Meditation Reshape the Brain

Nitric oxide, derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase, decreases hypoxia inducible factor-1α in macrophages during aspirin-induced mesenteric inflammation

: Cognitive-affective characteristics of smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder and panic psychopathology.

New study suggests differences in panic attacks, panic disorder and post
traumatic stress disorder in smokers and non-smokers.

CiteULike: Cognitive-affective characteristics of smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder and panic psychopathology.: "Vujanovic, A. A., Marshall, E. C., Gibson, L. E., and Zvolensky, M. J. (2010). Cognitive-affective characteristics of smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder and panic psychopathology. Addictive behaviors, 35(5):419-425."

Cognitive-affective characteristics of smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder and panic psychopathology.

New study shows differences in anxiety from exposure to cigarette smoke.
Implications for differentiation of panic attacks, panic disorder and post
traumatic syndrome.

Changes in the ornithine cycle following ionising radiation cause a cytotoxic conditioning of the culture medium of H35 hepatoma cells.

We have suggested that a number of symptoms related to environmental illnesses may be influenced by ammonia levels from impairment of the urea cycle from alterations in homocysteinemia and Nrf2 regulations. A new study shows how one environmental exposure makes "a dramatic change in the ornithine (urea) cycle components after the irradiation. A strong decrease in medium arginine is accompanied with parallel increases in ornithine, citrulline and ammonia. The high level of ammonia appears to be largely responsible for the observed cytotoxicity."

CiteULike: Changes in the ornithine cycle following ionising radiation cause a cytotoxic conditioning of the culture medium of H35 hepatoma cells.: "van Rijn, J., van den Berg, J., Teerlink, T., Kruyt, F. A., Schor, D. S., Renardel de Lavalette, A. C., van den Berg, T. K., Jakobs, C., and Slotman, B. J. (2003). Changes in the ornithine cycle following ionising radiation cause a cytotoxic conditioning of the culture medium of h35 hepatoma cells. British journal of cancer, 88(3):447-454."

Wednesday, March 10, 2010

Pringles Recall: Company Kept Shipping Flavoring Even After Finding Salmonella, FDA Says

Activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 is a key factor in paraquat-induced cell death. Modulation by the Nrf2/Trx axis.

CiteULike: Activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 is a key factor in paraquat-induced cell death. Modulation by the Nrf2/Trx axis.: "Niso-Santano, M., González-Polo, R. A., Bravo-San Pedro, J. M., Gómez-Sánchez, R., Lastres-Becker, I., Ortiz-Ortiz, M. A., Soler, G., Morán, J. M., Cuadrado, A., and Fuentes, J. M. (2010). Activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 is a key factor in paraquat-induced cell death. modulation by the nrf2/trx axis. Free radical biology & medicine."

The effect of electroacupuncture on T cell responses in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalitis

CiteULike: The effect of electroacupuncture on T cell responses in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalitis: "Liu, Y.-m., Liu, X.-j., Bai, S.-S., Mu, L.-l., Kong, Q.-f., Sun, B., Wang, D.-d., Wang, J.-h., Shu, S., Wang, G.-y., and Li, H.-l. (2010). The effect of electroacupuncture on t cell responses in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalitis. Journal of Neurobiology, 220(1):25-33."

Tuesday, March 9, 2010

Increased susceptibility of Nrf2 null mice to 1-bromopropane-induced hepatotoxicity

Increased susceptibility of Nrf2 null mice to 1-bromopropane-induced hepatotoxicity: "Liu, F., Ichihara, S., Valentine, W. M., Itoh, K., Yamamoto, M., Mohideen, S. S., Kitoh, J., and Ichihara, G. (2010). Increased susceptibility of nrf2 null mice to 1-bromopropane-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol. Sci., pages kfq075+."

For the Afflicted, a Little Black Box to Jog Failing Memory - NYTimes.com

I want one!

For the Afflicted, a Little Black Box to Jog Failing Memory - NYTimes.com: "A Little Black Box to Jog Failing Memory"

Acetic Acid Bacterial Lipids Improve Cognitive Function in Dementia Model Rats

Metal From Hip Implants Passed on to Babies

BDNF in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.

Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in drug-naïve obsessive–compulsive patients: A case–control study

CiteULike: 4-Methylcatechol-induced heme oxygenase-1 exerts a protective effect against oxidative stress in cultured neural stem/progenitor cells via PI3 kinase/Akt pathway.

CiteULike: 4-Methylcatechol-induced heme oxygenase-1 exerts a protective effect against oxidative stress in cultured neural stem/progenitor cells via PI3 kinase/Akt pathway.: "Furukawa, Y., Urano, T., Minamimura, M., Nakajima, M., Okuyama, S., and Furukawa, S. (2010). 4-methylcatechol-induced heme oxygenase-1 exerts a protective effect against oxidative stress in cultured neural stem/progenitor cells via pi3 kinase/akt pathway. Biomedical research (Tokyo, Japan), 31(1):45-52."

Obesity as protection against metabolic syndrome, not its cause

Obesity as protection against metabolic syndrome, not its cause

ScienceDaily (2010-03-09) -- The collection of symptoms that is the metabolic syndrome -- insulin resistance, high cholesterol, fatty liver, and a greater risk for diabetes, heart disease, and stroke -- are all related to obesity, but, according to a new review not in the way you probably think they are. ... > read full article

High systemic levels of interleukin-10, interleukin-22 and C-reactive protein in Indian patients are associated with low in vitro replication of HIV-1 subtype C viruses

Monday, March 8, 2010

Increased intestinal inflammation in mice lacking interleukin 10 Serotonin Transporter

CiteULike: Enhancement of intestinal inflammation in mice lacking interleukin 10 by deletion of the serotonin reuptake transporter: "Haub, Ritze, Bergheim, Pabst, Gershon, and Bischoff (2010). Enhancement of intestinal inflammation in mice lacking interleukin 10 by deletion of the serotonin reuptake transporter. Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 9999(9999)."

Enhancement of intestinal inflammation in mice lacking interleukin 10 by deletion of the serotonin reuptake transporter

Gene discovered for newly recognized disease in Amish children

Dual Infection with Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter hepaticus in P-Glycoprotein-Deficient mdr1a-/- Mice Results in Colitis that Progresses to Dysplasia

CiteULike: Dual Infection with Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter hepaticus in P-Glycoprotein-Deficient mdr1a-/- Mice Results in Colitis that Progresses to Dysplasia: "Maggio-Price, L., Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H., Treuting, P., Iritani, B. M., Zeng, W., Nicks, A., Tsang, M., Shows, D., Morrissey, P., and Viney, J. L. (2005). Dual infection with helicobacter bilis and helicobacter hepaticus in p-glycoprotein-deficient mdr1a-/- mice results in colitis that progresses to dysplasia. Am J Pathol, 166(6):1793-1806."

RhCG Protein Active Ammonia Transporter - Reversed by Metals.

"The major finding of this study is that RhCG protein is active as an NH(3) channel and that this function does not require any protein partner. This strong NH(3) transport was reversibly inhibited by mercuric and copper salts.

Notes:

Acidosis changes expression transporter RhCG. (Sechadri)

CiteULike: Functional reconstitution into liposomes of purified human RhCG ammonia channel.: "Mouro-Chanteloup, I., Cochet, S., Chami, M., Genetet, S., Zidi-Yahiaoui, N., Engel, A., Colin, Y., Bertrand, O., and Ripoche, P. (2010). Functional reconstitution into liposomes of purified human rhcg ammonia channel. PloS one, 5(1)."

Seshadri, R. M., Klein, J. D., Smith, T., Sands, J. M., Handlogten, M. E., Verlander, J. W., and Weiner, D. I. (2006). Changes in subcellular distribution of the ammonia transporter, rhcg, in response to chronic metabolic acidosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 290(6):F1443-1452.
http://www.citeulike.org/group/5070/article/2944496
Lim, S. W., Ahn, K. O., Kim, W. Y., Han, D. H., Lie, C., Ghee, J. Y., Han, K. H., Kim, H.-Y., Handlogten, M. E., Kim, J., Yang, C. W., and Weiner, I. D. (2008). Expression of ammonia transporters, rhbg and rhcg, in chronic cyclosporine nephropathy in rats. Nephron- Experimental Nephrology, 110(2). http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6777343

Vitamin D crucial to activating immune defenses

Sunday, March 7, 2010

Global Deprivation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the CNS Reveals an Area-Specific Requirement for Dendritic Growth -- Rauskolb et al. 30 (5): 1739 -- Journal of Neuroscience

Global Deprivation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the CNS Reveals an Area-Specific Requirement for Dendritic Growth -- Rauskolb et al. 30 (5): 1739 -- Journal of Neuroscience: "we found that BDNF markedly promotes the growth of cultured striatal neurons and of their dendrites, but not of those of hippocampal neurons, suggesting that the differential responsiveness to BDNF is part of a neuron-intrinsic program."

BDNF Regulates Hedonic Feeding by Acting on the Dopamine System

"amperometric recordings in brain slices of mice depleted of central BDNF uncovered marked deficits in evoked release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and dorsal striatum but normal secretion in the NAc core."

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Regulates Hedonic Feeding by Acting on the Mesolimbic Dopamine System -- Cordeira et al. 30 (7): 2533 -- Journal of Neuroscience:

Mindin is upregulated during colitis and may activate NF-kappaB in a TLR-9 mediated manner.

Saturday, March 6, 2010

Is the drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) due to human herpesvirus 6 infection or to allergy-mediated viral reactivation? Report of a case and literature review

Gene’s Impact on Forgetting a Fear-Based Memory Same in Humans and Mice

Effects of long-term fish oil-enriched diet on the sphingolipid metabolism in brain of old rats.

Lysosomal accumulation of gliadin p31-43 peptide induces oxidative stress and tissue transglutaminase-mediated PPAR{gamma} downregulation in intestinal epithelial cells and coeliac mucosa

Friday, March 5, 2010

Eye Condition Linked To Weakened Brain Power In People With Diabetes, Says New Research

Sensory Deprivation Reduces New Cell Size in the Olfactory System

Sensory Deprivation Reduces New Cell Size in the Olfactory System: "There also are stem cells deep in the brain that replenish the interneurons, which carry out much of the processing of the odor messages that takes place in the olfactory bulb,' Shepherd said."

Interaction between SNPs in the NRF2 gene and elite endurance performance -- Eynon et al. 41 (1): 78 -- Physiological Genomics

Interaction between SNPs in the NRF2 gene and elite endurance performance -- Eynon et al. 41 (1): 78 -- Physiological Genomics: "Interaction between SNPs in the NRF2 gene and elite endurance performance"

Keap1-Nrf2 activation in the presence and absence of DJ-1

Keap1-Nrf2 activation in the presence and absence of DJ-1. Li Gan. 2010; European Journal of Neuroscience - Wiley InterScience: "In addition, overexpression of Nrf2 with adenovirus preferentially in astrocytes from DJ-1-KO mice enhanced survival of neurons under oxidative insults. These findings indicate that activation of the Nrf2–ARE pathway is independent of DJ-1, and Nrf2 activation is a potential therapeutic target to prevent neurodegeneration in sporadic and DJ-1 familial Parkinson's disease."

Melatonin ameliorates cerulein-induced pancreatitis by the modulation of nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor-kappaB in rats

SIRT1 Takes a Backseat to AMPK in the Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity by Resveratrol.

Interdependence of AMPK and SIRT1 for Metabolic Adaptation to Fasting and Exercise in Skeletal Muscle.

"Here we demonstrate that AMPK acts as the prime initial sensor that translates this information into SIRT1-dependent deacetylation of the transcriptional regulators PGC-1alpha and FOXO1, culminating in the transcriptional modulation of mitochondrial and lipid utilization genes. Deficient AMPK activity compromises SIRT1-dependent responses to exercise and fasting, resulting in impaired PGC-1alpha deacetylation and blunted induction of mitochondrial gene expression."

Interdependence of AMPK and SIRT1 for Metabolic Adaptation to Fasting and Exercise in Skeletal Muscle.

Inhibition of SIRT1 deacetylase suppresses estrogen receptor signaling

Intestinal bacteria drive obesity and metabolic disease in immune-altered mice

"Mice lacking a gene called TLR5 have an altered ability to recognize and control bacteria in their intestines, leading them to develop obesity and insulin resistance, which is often referred to as "pre-diabetes." The bacteria appear to influence appetite and metabolism rather than how well calories are absorbed. Obesity and insulin resistance can be transferred from TLR5-deficient mice via intestinal bacteria."
Intestinal bacteria drive obesity and metabolic disease in immune-altered mice

Notes:

GSK-3b regulates TLR production including TLR5. Studies have demonstrated that TLR signaling increases IL-10 which has an anti-inflammatory effect and inhibition of GSK-3b may be protective against endotoxic shock.
Changes in inflammatory cytokines may influence TLR functioning in mesenchymal stromal cells.

Martin, M., Rehani, K., Jope, R. S., and Michalek, S. M. (2005). Toll-like receptor-mediated cytokine production is differentially regulated by glycogen synthase kinase 3. Nature immunology, 6(8):777-784. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/260512
Abreu, M. T. (2010). Toll-like receptor signalling in the intestinal epithelium: how bacterial recognition shapes intestinal function. Nature Reviews Immunology, 10(2):131-144. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6589668
Palmer, Eric. Innate immune defense against intestinal bacteria. Videocast. National Institutes of Health. Retrieved on Monday March 1, 2010. http://videocast.nih.gov/ram/iig102109.ram

TLR4 Hyperresponsiveness via Cell Surface Expression of Heat Shock Protein gp96 Potentiates Suppressive Function of Regulatory T Cells

TLR4 Hyperresponsiveness via Cell Surface Expression of Heat Shock Protein gp96 Potentiates Suppressive Function of Regulatory T Cells -- Dai et al. 178 (5): 3219 -- The Journal of Immunology: "These findings illustrate that gp96 plays dual roles in regulating immune responses by augmenting proinflammatory responses and inducing Treg function, both of which are dependent on its ability to chaperone TLR4. Our study provides strong support to the notion of compensatory Treg activation by TLR ligation to dampen inflammation and autoimmune diseases"

Protein shown to be natural inhibitor of aging in fruit fly model

Protein shown to be natural inhibitor of aging in fruit fly model: "Sestrins are highly conserved small proteins that are produced in high amounts when cells experience stress. Sestrin function, however, remained puzzling until the Karin group found that these proteins function as activators of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), and inhibitors of the Target of Rapamycin (TOR). AMPK and TOR are two protein kinases that serve as key components of a signaling pathway shown to be the central regulator of aging and metabolism in a variety of model organisms, including the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and mammals."

Note:

Incidentally, AMPK is an important mediator of GSK-3b which is implicated in a number of mood disorders as well as, provides a mechanim for the shut-off of the antioxidant system. Because the antioxidant system, Nrf2 and it associated proteins, are important for a number of processes of cellular homeostasis, the regulation of AMPK is a very crucial step in maintaining resistance to cell stress.
EGCG has been demonstrated to activate this same pathway. (Huang)

For further reading:

HEIRS Research Blog Tag: AMPK ,
HEIRS Library Tag: Rapamycin, GSK-3b,

Huang, C.-H., Tsai, S.-J., Wang, Y.-J., Pan, M.-H., Kao, J.-Y., and Way, T.-D. (2009). Egcg inhibits protein synthesis, lipogenesis, and cell cycle progression through activation of ampk in p53 positive and negative human hepatoma cells. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 9999(9999):NA+. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5402238

Thursday, March 4, 2010

Acute Hyperhomocysteinemia Impairs Endothelium Function in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Molecular mechanisms of membrane transport of vitamin E

Henry Ford Hospital study shows link between vitamin D, skin cancer

Contribution of type 1 diabetes to rat liver dysfunction and cellular damage via activation of NOS, PARP, IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB, MAPKs and mitochondria dependent pathways: Prophylactic role of arjunolic acid.

Contribution of type 1 diabetes to rat liver dysfunction and cellular damage via activation of NOS, PARP, IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB, MAPKs and mitochondria dependent pathways: Prophylactic role of arjunolic acid.

HIV proteins (gp120 and Tat) and methamphetamine in oxidative stress-induced damage in the brain: Potential role of the thiol antioxidant N-acetylcysteine amide.

Cigarette smoke particle phase extract induces HO-1 expression in human tracheal smooth muscle cells: Role of c-Src/NADPH oxidase/MAPKs/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Combined vaccination against IL-5 and eotaxin blocks eosinophilia in mice.

Adiposity, leptin and stress reactivity in humans.

Elevated expression of MCP-1, IL-2 and PTPR-N in Basal Ganglia of Tourette Syndrome Cases.

Noradrenaline acting at central beta-adrenoceptors induces interleukin-10 and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 expression in rat brain: Implications for neurodegeneration.

CiteULike: Noradrenaline acting at central beta-adrenoceptors induces interleukin-10 and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 expression in rat brain: Implications for neurodegeneration.: "McNamee, E. N., Ryan, K. M., Griffin, E. W., González-Reyes, R. E., Harkin, A., and Connor, T. J. (2010). Noradrenaline acting at central beta-adrenoceptors induces interleukin-10 and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 expression in rat brain: Implications for neurodegeneration. Brain, behavior, and immunity."

Mechanical ventilation modulates TLR4 and IRAK-3 in a non-infectious, ventilator-induced lung injury model

CiteULike: The Role of Nrf2 and MAPK Pathways in PFOS-induced Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos

CiteULike: The Role of Nrf2 and MAPK Pathways in PFOS-induced Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos: "Shi, X. and Zhou, B. (2010). The role of nrf2 and mapk pathways in pfos-induced oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos. Toxicol. Sci., pages kfq066+."

Grants.gov - Find Grant Opportunities - Opportunity Synopsis

Grants.gov - Find Grant Opportunities - Opportunity Synopsis: "Assessment of Post-treatment Lyme disease Syndrome (PLDS) (R01)"

Possible Association of Autoimmune Endocrine Dysfunction in TBI From Boxing

CiteULike: Investigation of antihypothalamus and antipituitary antibodies in amateur boxers: is chronic repetitive head trauma-induced pituitary dysfunction associated with autoimmunity?: "Tanriverdi, F., De Bellis, A., Battaglia, M., Bellastella, G., Bizzarro, A., Sinisi, A., Bellastella, A., Unluhizarci, K., Selcuklu, A., Casanueva, F., and Kelestimur, F. (2010). Investigation of antihypothalamus and antipituitary antibodies in amateur boxers: is chronic repetitive head trauma-induced pituitary dysfunction associated with autoimmunity? European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies."

Citrus Fruit Compount Reduces Mitochondrial Dysfunction From Benzopyrene in Lung Cancer.

Hesperidin is found in citrus fruit.

Hesperidin attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction during benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis in mice

Overexpression of NGF in mouse urothelium leads to neuronal hyperinnervation, pelvic sensitivity, and changes in urinary bladder function

Exposure to Endotoxin Causes Signs of Brain Injury in Lambs.

CiteULike: Acute and chronic effects of endotoxin on cerebral circulation in lambs: "Feng, S. Y. S., Samarasinghe, T., Phillips, D. J., Alexiou, T., Hollis, J. H., Yu, V. Y. H., and Walker, A. M. (2010). Acute and chronic effects of endotoxin on cerebral circulation in lambs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 298(3):R760-766."

Interleukin-10 reduces inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and blood pressure in hypertensive pregnant rats

Sleep and Rhythm Consequences of a Genetically Induced Loss of Serotonin

Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 2 Arising in PFAPA Syndrome: Coincidences or Possible Correlations?

Wednesday, March 3, 2010

Immune responses to mitochondria help explain body's inflammatory response to injury

Effects of green tea compound (EGCG) on Treg number and function in obese v. lean volunteers.

EGCG enhances the functionality of Tregs, i.e. IL-10 production and number by suppressing the NF-kappaB signalling pathway via inducing epigenetic changes

CiteULike: Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on regulatory T cell number and function in obese v. lean volunteers.: "Yun, J.-M. M., Jialal, I., and Devaraj, S. (2010). Effects of epigallocatechin gallate on regulatory t cell number and function in obese v. lean volunteers. The British journal of nutrition, pages 1-7."

Broccoli Compound protects immature hippocampal neurons against death caused by exposure to hemin or to oxygen and glucose deprivation.

Sulforaphane protects immature hippocampal neurons against death caused by exposure to hemin or to oxygen and glucose deprivation.: "Soane, L., Li Dai, W., Fiskum, G., and Bambrick, L. L. (2010). Sulforaphane protects immature hippocampal neurons against death caused by exposure to hemin or to oxygen and glucose deprivation. Journal of neuroscience research, 88(6):1355-1363."

Impaired Liver Glucose Production in a Murine Model of Steatosis and Endotoxemia: Protection by Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase

Comparison between wild-type and iNOS-knockout mice under these conditions demonstrated a protective role of iNOS against fatal hypoglycemia. Nitric oxide (NO) signaling effects were confirmed by treatment of hepatocytes in culture with an NO donor, which resulted in increased expression of PGC-1α and gluconeogenic genes.

CiteULike: Impaired Liver Glucose Production in a Murine Model of Steatosis and Endotoxemia: Protection by Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase: "Tirosh, O., Artan, A., Aharoni-Simon, M., Ramadori, G., and Madar, Z. (2010). Impaired liver glucose production in a murine model of steatosis and endotoxemia: Protection by inducible nitric oxide synthase. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling."

Cystine and Theanine Supplementation Restores High-Intensity Resistance Exercise-Induced Attenuation of Natural Killer Cell Activity in Well-Trained Men

Cystine is a dipeptide of cysteine, and theanine (CT). CT supplementation would be useful for athletes to restore the attenuation of NKCA during high-intensity and high-frequency training.

Cystine and Theanine Supplementation Restores High-Intensity Resistance Exercise-Induced Attenuation of Natural Killer Cell Activity in Well-Trained Men

Emergent T-helper 2 profile with high interleukin-6 levels correlates with the appearance of bortezomib-induced neuropathic pain

Regulation of Interleukin-10 Gene Expression in Macrophages Engulfing Apoptotic Cells

Summary: Production of IL-10 by phagocytes during clearance of ACs is critical to ensuring cellular homeostasis and suppression of autoimmunity.

CiteULike: Regulation of Interleukin-10 Gene Expression in Macrophages Engulfing Apoptotic Cells: "Zhang, Y., Kim, H.-J., Yamamoto, S., Kang, X., and Ma, X. (2010). Regulation of interleukin-10 gene expression in macrophages engulfing apoptotic cells. Interferon and Cytokine Research."

Preliminary Study of the Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 in Patients with Chronic Pain Receiving Intrathecal Opioid Infusions by Chronically Implanted Pump for Pain Management

Preliminary Study of the Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 in Patients with Chronic Pain Receiving Intrathecal Opioid Infusions by Chronically Implanted Pump for Pain Management

Children with insomnia may have impaired heart rate variability

Researchers identify method to help reduce fat in the blood

Polymorphisms in Diiferent Cell Transporters May Increase/Decrease Their Detoxification

CiteULike: Functional polymorphisms of the human multidrug-resistance gene: multiple sequence variations and correlation of one allele with P-glycoprotein expression and activity in vivo: "Hoffmeyer, S., Burk, O., von Richter, O., Arnold, H. P., Brockmöller, J., Johne, A., Cascorbi, I., Gerloff, T., Roots, I., Eichelbaum, M., and Brinkmann, U. (2000). Functional polymorphisms of the human multidrug-resistance gene: multiple sequence variations and correlation of one allele with p-glycoprotein expression and activity in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, pages 3473-3478."

Tuesday, March 2, 2010

Learning keeps brain healthy: Mental activity could stave off age-related cognitive and memory decline

Cocaine-related deaths rise in warm weather, study finds

Early Signs Of Glaucoma Discovered In The Brain

Astragalus Shows Evidence of Improving Transport Function -Relationship to Il-10

Mei, C.-l. L., Chen, Z.-j. J., Liao, Y.-h. H., Wang, Y.-f. F., Peng, H.-y. Y., and Chen, Y. (2007). Interleukin-10 inhibits the down-regulation of atp binding cassette transporter a1 by tumour necrosis factor-alpha in thp-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Cell biology international, 31(12):1456-1461.
http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6749887

HEIRS Environmental Illness Research Blog: Astragalus Shows Evidence of Improving Transport Function for Cholesterol.#links

Astragalus Shows Evidence of Improving Transport Function for Cholesterol.

We have discussed in other blogs how astragalus has been beneficial in models of CFS and in intestinal inflammation. Here is a new study that provides insights into how some of its components act on the immune system. Astragalus is used in chinese medicine. The author writes, "this extract can reduce the effects of TNF-a on the ATP transporter ABCA1 and can also attenuate inflammatory processes by NF-kappaB.

Wang, Y.-F. F., Yang, X.-F. F., Cheng, B., Mei, C.-L. L., Li, Q.-X. X., Xiao, H., Zeng, Q.-T. T., Liao, Y.-H. H., and Liu, K. (2010). Protective effect of astragalus polysaccharides on atp binding cassette transporter a1 in thp-1 derived foam cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 24(3):393-398. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6749766

HEIRS Environmental Illness Research Blog: Astragalus, Intestinal Inflammation and Endotoxin#links

Comparative Cytotoxicity and Intracellular Accumulation of Five Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Congeners in Mouse Cerebellar Granule Neurons

CiteULike: Comparative Cytotoxicity and Intracellular Accumulation of Five Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Congeners in Mouse Cerebellar Granule Neurons: "Huang, S. C., Giordano, G., and Costa, L. G. (2010). Comparative cytotoxicity and intracellular accumulation of five polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners in mouse cerebellar granule neurons. Toxicol. Sci., 114(1):124-132."

Biochem. J. (2010) Immediate Publication - Y. Sugiyama et al.

Biochem. J. (2010) Immediate Publication - Y. Sugiyama et al.: "The DNA-binding activity of mouse DNA methyltransferase 1 is regulated by phosphorylation with casein kinase 1δ/ε"