PGC-1a is an important component for the detoxification of nitrosamines. Excess levels can lead to enhanced toxicity. A recent study shows nitrosamine increases oxidative and nitrosative stress and elevates inflammatory mediators including Tnf-a , MCP-1 and Il-1 by activation of microglia and astrocytes resulting in neuronal damage. Nitrosamines are chemical compounds which are produced from nitrites and secondary amines. Some are carcinogenic are can be produced from certain methods of cooking and are also in beer and latex. (Wipedia)
Ghosh, D., Mishra, M. K. K., Das, S., Kaushik, D. K. K., and Basu, A. (2009). Tobacco carcinogen induces microglial activation and subsequent neuronal damage. Journal of neurochemistry, 110(3):1070-1081. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5202108
Nitrosamines. Wipedia. Retrieved on September 6, 2009.
Showing posts with label MCP- 1. Show all posts
Showing posts with label MCP- 1. Show all posts
Sunday, September 6, 2009
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
PBDE (flame retardents), dioxins, PCBs etc bioaccumulate in fat tissue. One study shows that agents that cause ER stress result in failure of preadipocyte differentiation, failure to accumulate lipid, inhibit PPAR-gamma and adiponectin and resulted in sustained synthesis of MCP-1. (MCP-1 is associated with sickness syndrome.) Other agents that inhibited GATA during the study seemed to do the same. Suggesting that agents that cause ER stress may inhibit GATA and cause these changes. Adiponecting and PPAR-gamma are both anti-inflammatory regulators.
Shimada, T., Hiramatsu, N., Okamura, M., Hayakawa, K., Kasai, A., Yao, J., and Kitamura, M. (2007). Unexpected blockade of adipocyte differentiation by k-7174: Implication for endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 363(2):355-360. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5436816
Shimada, T., Hiramatsu, N., Okamura, M., Hayakawa, K., Kasai, A., Yao, J., and Kitamura, M. (2007). Unexpected blockade of adipocyte differentiation by k-7174: Implication for endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 363(2):355-360. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5436816
Tuesday, September 1, 2009
HEIRS Environmental Illness Research Blog: Sickness Syndrome, CFS, Fibromyalgia, IL-10 and HO-1
HEIRS Environmental Illness Research Blog: Sickness Syndrome, CFS, Fibromyalgia, IL-10 and HO-1
Activation of MCP-1/CCl2/CCR2 by TNF-a to cause microglial neuroinflammation and alterations in neurotransmission require the presence of the TNFR1. (D' Mello) The Nrf2 pathway has been shown to modulate inflammatory mediators including Tnf-a and the glutamate antiporter system. (Lewerenz) The TNFR1 receptor is important for preconditioning in ischemia to reduce injury from subsequent ischemia through interaction with the EAAT3. The EAAT3 transporter regulates glutamate and also is involved with glutathione synthesis and is present in cortical and striatal neurons. (Suchak) It works cooperatively with xCT to prevent depletion of glutathione caused by high glutamate levels and may be useful in eventual therapy for Parkinson's. (Lewerenz)
D'Mello, C., Le, T., and Swain, M. G. (2009). Cerebral microglia recruit monocytes into the brain in response to tumor necrosis factoralpha signaling during peripheral organ inflammation. J. Neurosci., 29(7):2089-2102. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/4079736
Suchak, S. K., Baloyianni, N. V., Perkinton, M. S., Williams, R. J., Meldrum, B. S., and Rattray, M. (2003). The 'glial' glutamate transporter, eaat2 (glt-1) accounts for high affinity glutamate uptake into adult rodent nerve endings. Journal of neurochemistry, 84(3):522-532. Suchak, S. K., Baloyianni, N. V., Perkinton, M. S., Williams, R. J., Meldrum, B. S., and Rattray, M. (2003). The 'glial' glutamate transporter, eaat2 (glt-1) accounts for high affinity glutamate uptake into adult rodent nerve endings. Journal of neurochemistry, 84(3):522-532. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5699931
Pradillo, J., Hurtado, O., Romera, C., Cardenas, A., Fernandeztome, P., Alonsoescolano, D., Lorenzo, P., Moro, M., and Lizasoain, I. (2006). Tnfr1 mediates increased neuronal membrane eaat3 expression after in vivo cerebral ischemic preconditioning. Neuroscience, 138(4):1171-1178. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5699676
Lewerenz, J., Klein, M., and Methner, A. (2006). Cooperative action of glutamate transporters and cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc- protects from oxidative glutamate toxicity. Journal of neurochemistry, 98(3):916-925. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/762845
Lewerenz, J., Albrecht, P., Tien, M.-L. T. L., Henke, N., Karumbayaram, S., Kornblum, H. I., Wiedau-Pazos, M., Schubert, D., Maher, P., and Methner, A. (2009). Induction of nrf2 and xct are involved in the action of the neuroprotective antibiotic ceftriaxone in vitro. Journal of neurochemistry. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5627214
Maher, P., Lewerenz, J., Lozano, C., and Torres, J. L. L. (2008). A novel approach to enhancing cellular glutathione levels. Journal of neurochemistry, 107(3):690-700.
http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/3401858
Activation of MCP-1/CCl2/CCR2 by TNF-a to cause microglial neuroinflammation and alterations in neurotransmission require the presence of the TNFR1. (D' Mello) The Nrf2 pathway has been shown to modulate inflammatory mediators including Tnf-a and the glutamate antiporter system. (Lewerenz) The TNFR1 receptor is important for preconditioning in ischemia to reduce injury from subsequent ischemia through interaction with the EAAT3. The EAAT3 transporter regulates glutamate and also is involved with glutathione synthesis and is present in cortical and striatal neurons. (Suchak) It works cooperatively with xCT to prevent depletion of glutathione caused by high glutamate levels and may be useful in eventual therapy for Parkinson's. (Lewerenz)
D'Mello, C., Le, T., and Swain, M. G. (2009). Cerebral microglia recruit monocytes into the brain in response to tumor necrosis factoralpha signaling during peripheral organ inflammation. J. Neurosci., 29(7):2089-2102. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/4079736
Suchak, S. K., Baloyianni, N. V., Perkinton, M. S., Williams, R. J., Meldrum, B. S., and Rattray, M. (2003). The 'glial' glutamate transporter, eaat2 (glt-1) accounts for high affinity glutamate uptake into adult rodent nerve endings. Journal of neurochemistry, 84(3):522-532. Suchak, S. K., Baloyianni, N. V., Perkinton, M. S., Williams, R. J., Meldrum, B. S., and Rattray, M. (2003). The 'glial' glutamate transporter, eaat2 (glt-1) accounts for high affinity glutamate uptake into adult rodent nerve endings. Journal of neurochemistry, 84(3):522-532. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5699931
Pradillo, J., Hurtado, O., Romera, C., Cardenas, A., Fernandeztome, P., Alonsoescolano, D., Lorenzo, P., Moro, M., and Lizasoain, I. (2006). Tnfr1 mediates increased neuronal membrane eaat3 expression after in vivo cerebral ischemic preconditioning. Neuroscience, 138(4):1171-1178. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5699676
Lewerenz, J., Klein, M., and Methner, A. (2006). Cooperative action of glutamate transporters and cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc- protects from oxidative glutamate toxicity. Journal of neurochemistry, 98(3):916-925. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/762845
Lewerenz, J., Albrecht, P., Tien, M.-L. T. L., Henke, N., Karumbayaram, S., Kornblum, H. I., Wiedau-Pazos, M., Schubert, D., Maher, P., and Methner, A. (2009). Induction of nrf2 and xct are involved in the action of the neuroprotective antibiotic ceftriaxone in vitro. Journal of neurochemistry. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5627214
Maher, P., Lewerenz, J., Lozano, C., and Torres, J. L. L. (2008). A novel approach to enhancing cellular glutathione levels. Journal of neurochemistry, 107(3):690-700.
http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/3401858
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