Vegetable Neutraceutical Protects Against Prooxidant Such as Dopamine and Acrolein in Cigarettes.

Background: Past studies have demonstrated that D3T a potent enzyme inducer has a positive effect on upregulating the Nrf2 antioxidant system. (Kwak)

Title: Cruciferous nutraceutical 3h-1,2-dithiole-3-thione protects human primary astrocytes against neurocytotoxicity elicited by mptp, mpp(+), 6-ohda, hne and acrolein.

Summary: This is one of the first studies that in "human astrocytes cruciferous nutraceutical D3T potently induces the cellular GSH system and the phase 2 enzyme NQO1, which is accompanied by dramatically increased resistance of these cells to the damage induced by various neurotoxicants. The results of this study may have important implications for the development of novel neuroprotective strategies.


Citation: Jia, Z., Zhu, H., Li, Y., and Misra, H. P. (2009). Cruciferous nutraceutical 3h-1,2-dithiole-3-thione protects human primary astrocytes against neurocytotoxicity elicited by mptp, mpp(+), 6-ohda, hne and acrolein. Neurochemical research, 34(11):1924-1934. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/4483340


Other References: Kwak, M.-K., Itoh, K., Yamamoto, M., and Kensler, T. W. (2002). Enhanced expression of the transcription factor nrf2 by cancer chemopreventive agents: Role of antioxidant response element-like sequences in the nrf2 promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol., 22(9):2883-2892. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/883878

HIF-1 May Provide Protection in Parkinson's and Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress Disorders

Title: Inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase protects against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity.

Summary: "protection against MPTP neurotoxicity may be mediated by alterations in iron homeostasis and defense against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction brought about by cellular HIF-1α induction. This study provides novel data extending the possible therapeutic utility of HIF induction to a Parkinson disease model of neurodegeneration, which may prove beneficial not only in this disorder itself but also in other diseases associated with metal-induced oxidative stress."


Lee, D. W., Rajagopalan, S., Siddiq, A., Gwiazda, R., Yang, L., Beal, M. F., Ratan, R. R., and Andersen, J. K. (2009). Inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase protects against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284(42):29065-29076.

Mitochondria in neurodegenerative disorders: regulation of the redox state and death signaling leading to neuronal death and survival. Journal of Neural Transmission

......"recent findings on new functions of mitochondria in regulation of their redox state and function through reversible “S-glutathionylation”, a mixed disulfide binding between sulfhydryl groups of GSH and protein cysteine in complex I subunits. Type A monoamine oxidase (MAO-A) localized at the mitochondrial outer membrane is a binding site of neurotoxins leading to apoptosis.

Naoi, M., Maruyama, W., Yi, H., Inaba, K., Akao, Y., and Shamoto-Nagai, M. Mitochondria in neurodegenerative disorders: regulation of the redox state and death signaling leading to neuronal death and survival. Journal of Neural Transmission.http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5812429