Combining NO release W/ anti-inflammatory activity preserves nigrostriatal dopaminergic innervation and prevents motor impairment in a MPTP model of Parkinson's disease

Combining nitric oxide release with anti-inflammatory activity preserves nigrostriatal dopaminergic innervation and prevents motor impairment in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of Parkinson's disease

Neuroprotective and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ketogenic Diet on MPTP-induced Neurotoxicity.

Comments: I believe the results of this study are indicative of the fact that a keen understanding of the patients environmental illness and the factors that lead to it are crucial for the best holistic treatment and management of it. It is obvious that a one size fits treatment plan is probably not in the best interest of most patients.

"The change of dopamine was very similar to dopaminergic neurons in the SN. KD inhibited the activation of microglia induced by MPTP in the SN. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in the SN were also decreased and induced by MPTP. So, we concluded that KD was neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory against MPTP-neurotoxicity."

Read more: CiteULike: Neuroprotective and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ketogenic Diet on MPTP-induced Neurotoxicity.:

MPTP lesion causes neuroinflammation and deficits in object recognition in Wistar rats.

MPTP lesion causes neuroinflammation and deficits in object recognition in Wistar rats.: "URL: MPTP lesion causes neuroinflammation and deficits in object recognition in Wistar rats.

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Vegetable Neutraceutical Protects Against Prooxidant Such as Dopamine and Acrolein in Cigarettes.

Background: Past studies have demonstrated that D3T a potent enzyme inducer has a positive effect on upregulating the Nrf2 antioxidant system. (Kwak)

Title: Cruciferous nutraceutical 3h-1,2-dithiole-3-thione protects human primary astrocytes against neurocytotoxicity elicited by mptp, mpp(+), 6-ohda, hne and acrolein.

Summary: This is one of the first studies that in "human astrocytes cruciferous nutraceutical D3T potently induces the cellular GSH system and the phase 2 enzyme NQO1, which is accompanied by dramatically increased resistance of these cells to the damage induced by various neurotoxicants. The results of this study may have important implications for the development of novel neuroprotective strategies.


Citation: Jia, Z., Zhu, H., Li, Y., and Misra, H. P. (2009). Cruciferous nutraceutical 3h-1,2-dithiole-3-thione protects human primary astrocytes against neurocytotoxicity elicited by mptp, mpp(+), 6-ohda, hne and acrolein. Neurochemical research, 34(11):1924-1934. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/4483340


Other References: Kwak, M.-K., Itoh, K., Yamamoto, M., and Kensler, T. W. (2002). Enhanced expression of the transcription factor nrf2 by cancer chemopreventive agents: Role of antioxidant response element-like sequences in the nrf2 promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol., 22(9):2883-2892. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/883878

HIF-1 May Provide Protection in Parkinson's and Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress Disorders

Title: Inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase protects against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity.

Summary: "protection against MPTP neurotoxicity may be mediated by alterations in iron homeostasis and defense against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction brought about by cellular HIF-1α induction. This study provides novel data extending the possible therapeutic utility of HIF induction to a Parkinson disease model of neurodegeneration, which may prove beneficial not only in this disorder itself but also in other diseases associated with metal-induced oxidative stress."


Lee, D. W., Rajagopalan, S., Siddiq, A., Gwiazda, R., Yang, L., Beal, M. F., Ratan, R. R., and Andersen, J. K. (2009). Inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase protects against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 284(42):29065-29076.