Analysis of common and specific mechanisms of liver function affected by nitrotoluene compounds.

A common chemical used in industry and medicine causes alterations in a number of pathways that may contribute to environmental-illness-like symptoms. Long-term exposure may contribute to injury.

"PloS one, Vol. 6, No. 2. (2011) doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014662 Key: citeulike:8887114"

Read abstract:CiteULike: Analysis of common and specific mechanisms of liver function affected by nitrotoluene compounds.:


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Toluene and Other Solvents Potentiate Auditory Injury from Noise~!

CiteULike: Neuronal circuits involved in the middle-ear acoustic reflex: "depressing action of toluene on the central auditory nuclei driving the middle-ear acoustic reflex might explain the synergistic effects of a co-exposure to noise and aromatic solvents."

NO/cGMP Involved in Toluene Induced Hyperactivity

NO/cGMP Involved in Toluene Induced Hyperactivity

Toluene regulates haem oxygenase-1/ferritin expression: implications for toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma.

Concept: Toluene is a chemical that needs to be handled correctly to prevent occupational injury.

New study suggests therapeutic approaches to elevate HO-1/Ferritin through the Nrf2 pathway may help alleviate symptoms from exposure to toluene.

Read more about: HO-1 tag in the library and on the Blog: Tag HO-1.















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CiteULike: Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) regulates haem oxygenase-1/ferritin expression: implications for toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma.: "Kim, S.-H. H., Choi, G.-S. S., Ye, Y.-M. M., Jou, I., Park, H.-S. S., and Park, S. M. (2010). Toluene diisocyanate (tdi) regulates haem oxygenase-1/ferritin expression: implications for toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma. Clinical and experimental immunology."

Chemica Pollutants and Itching: What Does Nerve Growth Factor Have to Do With It?

Background: Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotropin that is important for the growth and survival of neurons and is believed to be important to preventing neural degeneration (in some cases and not others) and is present in larger amounts in inflamed tissue. (Wipedia, Pehar) On the other hand, it upregulates nociceptors and may play a role in neuropathic pain.  Altered nociception and ASICs signaling have both been implicated as a factors in multiple chemical sensitivity (Pall) and other environmentally-induced health conditions. In certain studies it has also been shown that the level of NGF is correlated to the severity of itching in atopy. Toluene is an air pollutant and is found in low or high amounts in homes and commercial buildings.

Two studies may shed more light on understanding the "itch" that is commonly associated with some cases of environmental illness. The first study provides an explanation of how air pollutants, in this case, toluene effects physiological systems. According to the first study findings, low-level toluene induced a significant increase in CCL2 (MCP-1) and CCL3 and cells positive for nerve growth factor while showing insignificant markers for oxidative stress and HO-1 in controls and immunized mice. Immunized mice were treated to model allergic animals. The findings of this study show that volatile organic compounds (ie toluene) enhance nerve growth factor production and airway inflammation is more severe in allergic animals.(Fujiama) Interestingly, another study, shows that dioxin, an activator of the AhR, caused itching when the experiment animal was exposed to another generally inocuous stimulus. In the study, it was demonstrated that the itching of this type was alleviated with pharmaceuticals that reduce skin levels of NGF. (Ono)

HEIRS Library Tags: nerve growth factor

Notes:

• There is an important relationship of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the consequences of activity by nerve growth factor which may include reduction of ROS and protection against endogenous environmental insults including dopamine toxicity. (Salinas)

Fujimaki, H., Tin-Tin-Win-Shwe, Yamamoto, S., Nakajima, D., and Goto, S. (2009). The expression of nerve growth factor in mice lung following low-level toluene exposure. Toxicology letters, 191(2-3):240-245. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5808711#
Pall, M. L. and Anderson, J. H. (2004). The vanilloid receptor as a putative target of diverse chemicals in multiple chemical sensitivity. Archives of environmental health, 59(7):363-375. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5911051
Diogenes, A., Akopian, A. N., and Hargreaves, K. M. (2007). Ngf up-regulates trpa1: Implications for orofacial pain. J Dent Res, 86(6):550-555. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/3682087
Yamaguchi, J., Aihara, M., Kobayashi, Y., Kambara, T., and Ikezawa, Z. (2009). Quantitative analysis of nerve growth factor (ngf) in the atopic dermatitis and psoriasis horny layer and effect of treatment on ngf in atopic dermatitis. Journal of dermatological science, 53(1):48-54. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6453209
Ono, R., Kagawa, Y., Takahashi, Y., Akagi, M., and Kamei, C. (2009). Effect of 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on scratching behavior in mice. International immunopharmacology. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6409196
Pehar, M., Vargas, M. R., Robinson, K. M., Cassina, P., Diaz-Amarilla, P. J., Hagen, T. M., Radi, R., Barbeito, L., and Beckman, J. S. (2007). Mitochondrial superoxide production and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation in p75 neurotrophin receptor-induced motor neuron apoptosis. J. Neurosci., 27(29):7777-7785. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/3733200?updated=1262024743
Salinas, M., Diaz, R., Abraham, N. G., Ruiz de Galarreta, C. M., and Cuadrado, A. (2003). Nerve growth factor protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative stress by increasing expression of heme oxygenase-1 in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent manner. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278(16):13898-13904. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6456500

Burning Charcoal: Sources of VOC, Carbonyls, Toluene, Formaldehyde and Mercury

Kabir, E., Kim, K.-H. H., Ahn, J.-W. W., Hong, O.-F. F., and Sohn, J. R. R. (2010). Barbecue charcoal combustion as a potential source of aromatic volatile organic compounds and carbonyls. Journal of hazardous materials, 174(1-3):492-499. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5841732

Pandey, S. K. K., Kim, K.-H. H., Kang, C.-H. H., Jung, M. C. C., and Yoon, H. (2009). Bbq charcoal as an important source of mercury emission. Journal of hazardous materials, 162(1):536-538. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6433445

Severe dopaminergic pathways damage in a case of chronic toluene abuse

Clinical and neuroradiological findings and the possible sensitivity to neuroleptics indicate dopaminergic impairment. Our case suggests that chronic toluene abuse causes presynaptic dopaminergic depletion. (Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery)

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The expression of nerve growth factor in mice lung following low-level toluene exposure

Title: The expression of nerve growth factor in mice lung following low-level toluene exposure.

Summary: "expression of CCL2 and CCL3 mRNAs was significantly elevated in 9ppm toluene-exposed, immunized mice. These findings suggest that the exposure with volatile organic compounds enhanced NGF expression and airway inflammation stronger in allergic individuals than in healthy individuals."

Fujimaki, H., Tin-Tin-Win-Shwe, Yamamoto, S., Nakajima, D., and Goto, S. (2009). The expression of nerve growth factor in mice lung following low-level toluene exposure. Toxicology letters. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5808711