EGCG, Resveratrol and eNOS.

A new study has shown that EGCG attenuates the stimulation of heat shock protein 27 by GSK3b which results in lower bone resorption. In another post, we noted that GSK3b is stimulated by oxidative and that it can down-regulate Nrf2, sensitize cells to oxidants and results in the loss of tolerance to oxidants which occurs after long term exposure of oxidant exposure. This study notes that it is stimulated by sphingosine-1-phosphate. Another study has shown that one mechanism for resveratrol’s benefits is the attenuation of the C5 inflammatory response. This is achieved by resveratrol’s ability to inhibit sphingosine kinase activities and phospholipase D. Appeldoorn showed that in addition, resveratrol increases NO by 285%. In addition, he also showed that quercetin increased NO by 110%, epicatechingallate increased NO by 85% and epigallocatechingallate increased NO by 60%. It has been shown that cells that have higher eNOS have less chance of following the inflammatory cascade through NF-kappaB, are higher in PGC-1a and have lower reactive species generation from mitochondria.




Salazar, M., Rojo, A. I., Velasco, D., de Sagarra, R. M. M., and Cuadrado, A. (2006). Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibits the xenobiotic and antioxidant cell response by direct phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of the transcription factor nrf2. The Journal of biological chemistry, 281(21):14841-14851. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5360103



Rojo, A. I., Sagarra, M. R. d. R., and Cuadrado, A. (2008). Gsk-3beta down-regulates the transcription factor nrf2 after oxidant damage: relevance to exposure of neuronal cells to oxidative stress. Journal of neurochemistry, 105(1):192-202. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/2608925



Appeldoorn, M. M., Venema, D. P., Peters, T. H. F., Koenen, M. E., Arts, I. C. W., Vincken, J.-P., Gruppen, H., Keijer, J., and Hollman, P. C. H. (0000). Some phenolic compounds increase the nitric oxide level in endothelial cells in vitro. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 0(0). http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5342745



Natsume, H., Adachi, S., Takai, S., Tokuda, H., Matsushima-Nishiwaki, R., Minamitani, C., Yamauchi, J., Kato, K., Mizutani, J., Kozawa, O., and Otsuka, T. (2009). (-)-epigallocatechin gallate attenuates the induction of hsp27 stimulated by sphingosine 1-phosphate via suppression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt pathway in osteoblasts. International journal of molecular medicine, 24(2):197-203. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5343993



Issuree, P. D. A., Pushparaj, P. N., Pervaiz, S., and Melendez, A. J. (2009). Resveratrol attenuates c5a-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting phospholipase d and sphingosine kinase activities. FASEB J., 23(8):2412-2424. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5338821



Salazar, M., Rojo, A. I., Velasco, D., de Sagarra, R. M. M., and Cuadrado, A. (2006). Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta inhibits the xenobiotic and antioxidant cell response by direct phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of the transcription factor nrf2. The Journal of biological chemistry, 281(21):14841-14851. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5360103