Background: Here is an addition to something I noted before...or at least postulated that resveratrol may have some interesting immune effects...and lately I have suggested that a loss of tolerance by alteration in T regulatory cells may have important implications in multiple chemical sensitivity.
The activation of cellular pathways can have both positive and negative inflammatory influence. As Ward describes, "C5a and is an extremely potent pro-inflammatory peptide that interacts with two C5a receptors, C5aR and C5L2, present on surfaces of phagocytes as well as other cell types. The former is a well-established receptor that initiates G-protein-coupled signaling via mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Its in vivo blockade greatly reduces inflammatory injury." We wrote last year that resveratrol has been demonstrated to have a somewhat mitigating effect on anaphylatoxin (C5) neutraphils in peritonitis that included a decrease in a number of immune indicators such as Tnf-a, Il-6, Il-1 etc. and are often upregulated in Nrf -/- mice. Generally, another study indicated how mast cells may amplify immune responses in allergic disease and that C5ar may be an important mechanism in mast cell pathologies. Most recently studies reveal the absense of C5a receptors in dendritic cells regulates the immune response through promotion of T regulatory cells and Th17.
Issuree, P. D. A., Pushparaj, P. N., Pervaiz, S., and Melendez, A. J. (2009). Resveratrol attenuates c5a-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting phospholipase d and sphingosine kinase activities. FASEB J., 23(8):2412-2424. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5338821
Soruri, A., Grigat, J., Kiafard, Z., and Zwirner, J. (2008). Mast cell activation is characterized by upregulation of a functional anaphylatoxin c5a receptor. BMC Immunology, 9:29+. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/2904779
Weaver, D. J., Reis, E. S., Pandey, M. K., Köhl, G., Harris, N., Gerard, C., and Köhl, J. (2010). C5a receptor-deficient dendritic cells promote induction of treg and th17 cells. European Journal of Immunology, 9999(9999):NA+. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6614046
Thimmulappa, R. K., Lee, H., Rangasamy, T., Reddy, S. P., Yamamoto, M., Kensler, T. W., and Biswal, S. (2006). Nrf2 is a critical regulator of the innate immune response and survival during experimental sepsis. The Journal of clinical investigation, 116(4):984-995.
http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/3716756?show_msg=already_posted
Czermak, B. J., Sarma, V., Bless, N. M., Schmal, H., Friedl, H. P., and Ward, P. A. (1999). In vitro and in vivo dependency of chemokine generation on c5a and tnf-alpha. J Immunol, 162(4):2321-2325.
http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6614341
Ward, P. A. (2009). Functions of c5a receptors. Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 87(4):375-378.
http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/4012763
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