Background: NRF-1 binding sites include ornithine decarboxylase and glutamate dehydrogenase through ADP Ribose in humans. Since NRF-1 associates with PGC-1a and Nrf2 -- I think one could suggest it elevates its importance in conditions possibly for those known to fall under the umbrella of environmental illness.
Definition:
****PFC: Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) refer to a class of organofluorine compounds that have all hydrogens replaced with fluorine on a carbon chain—but also contain at least one different atom or functional group and persist as persistent organic compounds.
The two most studied PFCs are:
**********PFOA or perfluorooctanoic acid, used to make fluoropolymers such as Teflon, among other applications.
**********PFOS or perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, used in the semiconductor industry, 3M's former Scotchgard formulation, and 3M's former fire-fighting foam mixture.
In a recent report, PFC from blood samples from loggerhead turtles were high enough that suggested liver damage and suppression of at least one immune function. (ScienceDaily: 2/22/08)
Quote for the day: I may not be a turtle but I am human....
I mentioned the article above because interestingly, I found articles related to similar chemicals found in products in human home environments including our textiles, upholstery, carpets etc including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and similar to those found in turtles like those mentioned above. Chemicals such as these may influence the regulation of genes for amino acid metabolism...including those that overlap for methionine and glumate including GLUD1 (glutamate dehydrogenase in rats) and GLUL (glutamate ammonia ligase). "PFOA alters genes in wild-type mouse liver through PPAR alpha and a subset of genes are regulated by CAR and possibly PPAR gamma in the PPAR alpha-null mouse." As Corton explains, nuclear receptors can regulate nutrient and xenobiotic transport and metabolism and stress resistance and that "PGC-1 and PGC-1ß regulate the ligand-dependent and -independent activation of a large number of nuclear receptors including PPAR and constitutive activated receptor (CAR)." This would suggest that conditions that alter the expression of PGC-1a/PGC-1b may synergistically influence or oppose expression of these genes. From this one could propose these interactions may contribute to symptoms associated with environmental illness such as behavioral and mood changes or possibly even chemical sensitivity. These are chemicals that have been found in newborns and past studies show that PFOA cause tumors and are associated with developmental toxicity at high doses although admittedly, the health effects of these chemicals are mostly unknown.(ScienceDaily)
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