Contaminants in Air Pollution Including Endotoxin and Dioxin May Increase Insulin Resistance~!

Complications associated with insulin resistance may play a significant role in environmental diseases including obesity, sleep apneas and potentially Gulf War Syndrome and chemical sensitivity just for examples. Other studies show that sustained endotoxin, a potential consideration in CFS and other environmental illnesses, is a common component of particulate matter and environmental pollutants may alter insuling signalling in muscle especially under sustained stress such as malnutrition. These conditions may potentiate one another if they occur at the same time.....


"TCDD stimulates expression and secretion of TNF-alpha in adipocytes through activation of AhR, ERK1/2, and JNK, and the secreted TNF-alpha causes the downregulation of IRbeta, IRS1, and GLUT4 through TNFR1, resulting in insulin resistance."

Read more: CiteULike: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin impairs an insulin signaling pathway through the induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in adipocytes.:


For further understanding: IRS-1

McCowen, K. C., Ling, P. R., Ciccarone, A., Mao, Y., Chow, J. C., Bistrian, B. R., and Smith, R. J. (2001). Sustained endotoxemia leads to marked down-regulation of early steps in the insulin-signaling cascade. Critical care medicine, 29(4):839-846. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/7782376

PGC-1alpha is required for AICAR induced expression of GLUT4 and mitochondrial proteins in mouse skeletal muscle.

CiteULike: PGC-1alpha is required for AICAR induced expression of GLUT4 and mitochondrial proteins in mouse skeletal muscle.: "provide genetic evidence for a major role of PGC-1alpha in AMPK mediated regulation of mitochondrial and glucose membrane transport protein expression in skeletal muscle."

Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress Impairs Glucose Uptake in Adipocytes.

"paraquat-induced oxidative stress decreased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the cell surface, resulting in repression of insulin-dependent 2-deoxyglucose uptake."

Link: CiteULike: Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress Represses Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Activities Leading to Impaired Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes:

Related: HEIRS Library Tags: GLUT4