Impairments in Muscle Function After Cigarette Exposure and Environmental Illness

PGC-1a a protein factor necessary for mitochondrial function and may be reduced with exposure to LPS as well as, from impairments in Nrf2. This study demonstrates that TNF-a (already identified as a factor in CFS and Parkinson's) is generated from exposure to cigarette smoke (and lots of other environmental contaminants) and has been shown to down-regulate PGC-1a that may lead to vascular and myocyte dysfunction. PGC-1a also regulates a number of glucose transporters such as GLUT1 and GLUT4 which trasport glucose into cells.  When one looks at a condition related to glucose uptake from impairment of glucose transporters such as in GLUT1 deficiency, there are recognizable patterns of impairment one may recognize in other environmental illnesses including CFS and fibromyalgia and also described as Parkinsonism and ataxia-like symptoms.  Because Nrf2 contributes to PGC-1a expression, a deficiency in Nrf2 may also present with these types of symptoms impaired after cigarette exposure and particulate matter from diesel exhaust. Of course, other factors such as accumulation of ammonia and genetic SNP may also pose potential cellular threats. PGC-1a can be increased through exercise but this will be dependant on the availabity of NRF1 (another protein) regulated by Nrf2/HO-1. Sauna and Waon therapy have been shown to elevate PGC-1a and Nrf2. Deficiencies of PGC-1a may exacerbate the autoimmune-type presentation of environmental illness in Nrf2 deficiencies which produce less HO-1. Lack of PGC-1a and Nrf2 may contribute to the development of chronic diabetes in addition to other metabolic complications and numerous other conditions, such as cardiovascular disease.


For review:

• Chemical Sensitivity and Th2 Autoimmune Disease: The Loss of Treg Cells As Referee!
• Immunosuppression in Environmental Illness By High Fat and Cytokines: Ameliorated By Green Tea Compound!?
• Nrf2 Expression Is Regulated by Epigenetic Mechanisms in Prostate Cancer
• T Regulatory Cells and Vitamin D - Their Importance to Environmental Illness Including Chemical Sensitivity.

CiteULike: TNF-alpha-mediated reduction in PGC-1alpha may impair skeletal muscle function after cigarette smoke exposure.: "Tang, K., Wagner, P. D., and Breen, E. C. (2010). Tnf-alpha-mediated reduction in pgc-1alpha may impair skeletal muscle function after cigarette smoke exposure. Journal of cellular physiology, 222(2):320-327."





Lihua CHE, N. and Chiwai WON, G. Estrogen-related receptor a inverse agonist enhances basal glucose uptake in myotubes through reactive oxygen species. Biological Pharmacology Bulletin, 32(7):1199-1203. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6512026
Arany, Z., Foo, S.-Y. Y., Ma, Y., Ruas, J. L., Bommi-Reddy, A., Girnun, G., Cooper, M., Laznik, D., Chinsomboon, J., Rangwala, S. M., Baek, K. H. H., Rosenzweig, A., and Spiegelman, B. M. (2008). Hif-independent regulation of vegf and angiogenesis by the transcriptional coactivator pgc-1alpha. Nature, 451(7181):1008-1012. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/2406298
Pons, R., Collins, A., Rotstein, M., Engelstad, K., and De Vivo, D. C. (2009). The spectrum of movement disorders in glut-1 deficiency. Movement Disorders, 9999(9999):NA+. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6512017
Piantadosi, C. A., Carraway, M. S., Babiker, A., and Suliman, H. B. (2008). Heme oxygenase-1 regulates cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis via nrf2-mediated transcriptional control of nuclear respiratory factor-1. Circ Res, 103(11):1232-1240. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/4617070?show_msg=already_posted
Glucose Transporter. Wipedia. Retrieved January 10, 2009.