Dysregulation of Vascular Neutrophic Factors May Promote Nasal Inflammation, MCS, etc. Study Says!

Neutrophic factors modulate a number of processes during inflammation including those that regulate nociceptive behavior. For this reason, alterations in neutrophic factors may "provide a rational basis for responses to odorants in conditions such as MCS, hyposmia and rhinitis" according to Baraniuk. BDNF is a neutrophic factor that regulates neurons in the striatum and is produced in endothelial cells in vessels. Alterations in BDNF synthesis ie. from vascular damage or down-regulation may impair neuron generation in the striatum which is a structure new neuronals cells pass en route to the olfactory bulb. Overexpression of HO-1 protects dopaminergic neurons by upregulating BDNF/GDNF and reducing the synthesis of Tnf-a and Il-1b in substantia nigra and inhibited the reduction of striatal dopamine content.

Watch how neurons migrate along blood vessels. A video post by the Neurophysiology Blogger. See source citation below.


In 2006, Nakason demonstrated that deprenyl, a therapeutic drug used for Parkinson's disease, shows a cytoprotective effect by mediating the induction of HO-1 through Nrf2 and other antioxidants and included upstream activation of neurotrophin TrkB.


Baraniuk, J. N. and Merck, S. J. (2009). New concepts of neural regulation in human nasal mucosa. Acta clinica Croatica, 48(1):65-73. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5770471
Hung, S.-Y., Liou, H.-C., Kang, K.-H., Wu, R.-M., Wen, C.-C., and Fu, W.-M. (2008). Overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 protects dopaminergic neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity. Mol Pharmacol, 74(6):1564-1575. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5770649
Nakaso, K., Nakamura, C., Sato, H., Imamura, K., Takeshima, T., and Nakashima, K. (2006). Novel cytoprotective mechanism of anti-parkinsonian drug deprenyl: Pi3k and nrf2-derived induction of antioxidative proteins☆. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 339(3):915-922. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/5770676
Author Unknown. New cells in the adult brain migrate long distances by crawling along blood vessels. Neurophysiology Blogger. Retrieved on September 9, 2009.