Monday, February 1, 2010
S-nitrosoglutathione a Physiologic Nitric Oxide Carrier Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
S-nitrosoglutathione a Physiologic Nitric Oxide Carrier Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: "URL: S-nitrosoglutathione a Physiologic Nitric Oxide Carrier Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Dextran sulfate sodium and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induce lipid peroxidation by the proliferation of intestinal gram-negative bacteria in mice
Dextran sulfate sodium and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induce lipid peroxidation by the proliferation of intestinal gram-negative bacteria in mice: "URL: Dextran sulfate sodium and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induce lipid peroxidation by the proliferation of intestinal gram-negative bacteria in mice
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Dextran sulfate sodium and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induce lipid peroxidation by the proliferation of intestinal gram-negative bacteria in mice
CiteULike: Dextran sulfate sodium and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induce lipid peroxidation by the proliferation of intestinal gram-negative bacteria in mice: "Lee, I. A., Bae, E. A., Hyun, Y. J., and Kim, D. H. (2010). Dextran sulfate sodium and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induce lipid peroxidation by the proliferation of intestinal gram-negative bacteria in mice. Journal of Inflammation, 7(1):7+."
Effect of Acute Exposure to Ammonia on Glutamate Transport in Glial Cells Isolated From the Salamander Retina -- Mort et al. 86 (2): 836 -- Journal of Neurophysiology
Effect of Acute Exposure to Ammonia on Glutamate Transport in Glial Cells Isolated From the Salamander Retina -- Mort et al. 86 (2): 836 -- Journal of Neurophysiology: "For hepatic encephalopathy, the decrease in glutamate uptake at late times, caused by reduced transporter expression, is more important than the initial increase of uptake. Transporter expression can be regulated by cAMP and several growth factors (Zelenaia et al. 2000). Conceivably modulation of the latter pathways by NH or altered pH might lead to downregulation. Alternatively, it is possible that cells have a mechanism for sensing the amount of intracellular glutamate and regulating transporter expression accordingly. In this case, the increased uptake at early times that we have characterized, which presumably leads, initially, to a rise of intracellular glutamate concentration, could be a trigger for a long-lasting downregulation of transporter expression."
Bio-ecological control of chronic liver disease and encephalopathy
CiteULike: Bio-ecological control of chronic liver disease and encephalopathy: "Bengmark, S. (2009). Bio-ecological control of chronic liver disease and encephalopathy. Metabolic Brain Disease, 24(1):223-236."
Hyperammonemia, Subordination, Hypoxia Influence Stress Hormone CRF Production in Fish
"Comparison of the plasma cortisol levels in response to the diverse treatments showed that subordination was the most severe stressor followed by hyperammonemia, isolation, and hypoxia. In the POA, with the exception of subordination that had no effect on UI expression, all stressors resulted in increase in CRF and UI mRNA levels."
Comment: Basically, this says that in fish these stressors increase stress hormones. Other organisms are often used as experimental models to test psychological theories. These same hormonal pathways exist in humans and for this reason, one can suggest these stressors may elicit similar responses and these kinds of experiments are often performed on animals to analyze reactions before humans or where experimentation on humans would be "unethical" or "too difficult".
Bernier, N. J., Alderman, S. L., and Bristow, E. N. (2008). Heads or tails? stressor-specific expression of corticotropin-releasing factor and urotensin i in the preoptic area and caudal neurosecretory system of rainbow trout. The Journal of endocrinology, 196(3):637-648. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6611532
Kawabata, K., Kawai, Y., and Terao, J. (2009). Suppressive effect of quercetin on acute stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response in wistar rats. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/4498837
Ortega, V. A., Renner, K. J., and Bernier, N. J. (2005). Appetite-suppressing effects of ammonia exposure in rainbow trout associated with regional and temporal activation of brain monoaminergic and crf systems. J Exp Biol, 208(10):1855-1866. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6594636
Land, B. B., Bruchas, M. R., Lemos, J. C., Xu, M., Melief, E. J., and Chavkin, C. (2008). The dysphoric component of stress is encoded by activation of the dynorphin kappa-opioid system. J. Neurosci., 28(2):407-414. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/2215488
Walsh, P. J., Veauvy, C. M., McDonald, M. D., Pamenter, M. E., Buck, L. T., and Wilkie, M. P. (2007). Piscine insights into comparisons of anoxia tolerance, ammonia toxicity, stroke and hepatic encephalopathy. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology, 147(2):332-343. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6611593
Comment: Basically, this says that in fish these stressors increase stress hormones. Other organisms are often used as experimental models to test psychological theories. These same hormonal pathways exist in humans and for this reason, one can suggest these stressors may elicit similar responses and these kinds of experiments are often performed on animals to analyze reactions before humans or where experimentation on humans would be "unethical" or "too difficult".
Bernier, N. J., Alderman, S. L., and Bristow, E. N. (2008). Heads or tails? stressor-specific expression of corticotropin-releasing factor and urotensin i in the preoptic area and caudal neurosecretory system of rainbow trout. The Journal of endocrinology, 196(3):637-648. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6611532
Kawabata, K., Kawai, Y., and Terao, J. (2009). Suppressive effect of quercetin on acute stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response in wistar rats. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/4498837
Ortega, V. A., Renner, K. J., and Bernier, N. J. (2005). Appetite-suppressing effects of ammonia exposure in rainbow trout associated with regional and temporal activation of brain monoaminergic and crf systems. J Exp Biol, 208(10):1855-1866. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6594636
Land, B. B., Bruchas, M. R., Lemos, J. C., Xu, M., Melief, E. J., and Chavkin, C. (2008). The dysphoric component of stress is encoded by activation of the dynorphin kappa-opioid system. J. Neurosci., 28(2):407-414. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/2215488
Walsh, P. J., Veauvy, C. M., McDonald, M. D., Pamenter, M. E., Buck, L. T., and Wilkie, M. P. (2007). Piscine insights into comparisons of anoxia tolerance, ammonia toxicity, stroke and hepatic encephalopathy. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology, 147(2):332-343. http://www.citeulike.org/user/HEIRS/article/6611593
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